Frequent protocol amendments can look like a sign that something went wrong. In early oncology development, they’re often a reflection of what the study is learning.

Endpoints help us measure whether a treatment is working, but they don’t always tell the whole story. Here’s why interpreting them in oncology requires context.

Oncology protocols can be exceptionally complex. Here’s what drives that complexity—and why much of it is necessary to safely answer the questions a trial is designed to address.